Blood Plasma
Blood plasma is
separated from the blood by circulating a tube of fresh blood in an
anticoagulant containing concentrated blood cells until they reach the bottom
of the tube. Blood is poured or drawn after plasma. For application of
point-of-care testing through filtration, plasma can be extracted from whole
blood or collected to allow rapid testing of specific biomakers. Blood plasma
concentrations are approximately 1025 kg / m3, or 1.025 g / ml.
Blood plasma without
cause of blood serum coagulation.
Plasmapheresis is a therapeutic therapy involving the extraction, treatment and reintegration of blood.
Fresh frozen plasma is
the WH model list of essential medicines, one of the most basic essential
medicines needed by the health system. This is important because it is critical
for the treatment of many types of blood loss trauma, and is therefore placed
at the universal level of all treatment facilities (e.g., trauma centers,
hospitals and ambulances) capable of treating trauma or at risk of blood loss
such as surgical suite .
Volume
Blood plasma volume may
be expanded or excreted by extracellular fluid when there is a change in the
Sterling forces across the capillary wall. For example, when the blood pressure
drop inside the circulatory shock, sterling forces drive fluid into the
interstitium, causing a third gap.
Transcapillary
hydrostatic pressure will cause an increase in standing for prolonged position.
As a result, about 12% of the blood plasma volume will enter the blood through
the cross-extrinsic bogie. This leads to an increase in hematocrit, serum total
protein, blood viscosity, and, as a result of increased concentration,
coagulation, which is due to orthostatic hyperkagagality.
Plasma proteins
Albumins are the most
common plasma proteins and they are responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure
in the blood. Without albamines, the continuity of blood would be much closer
than that of water. The maximum viscosity of the blood prevents fluid from
entering the bloodstream from outside the capillaries.
The second most common
protein in blood plasma is globulin. Important globulins include
immunoglobulins that are important for the immune system and the transport of
hormones and other compounds around the body.
Fibrinogen proteins
make up the majority of the remaining proteins in the blood. Fibrinogen helps
prevent blood clots from forming in the blood.
Color
Plasma is usually
yellow due to bilirubin, carotenoids, hemoglobin and transferrin. In unusual
cases, the plasma may have different shades of orange, green or brown. The
green color may be due to ceruloplasmin or sulfemoglobin. Sulfonamides, once
ingested, may cause brown or reddish hemolysis, which is the release of
methemoglobin from broken blood cells. Plasma is usually relatively
transparent, but sometimes it can be opaque. Opacity is usually due to the high
content of lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides (seen hyperlipidemia).
Plasma vs. Serum in
Medical Diagnostics
Blood plasma and blood
serum are often used for blood tests. Some tests can only be done on plasma and
some only on serum. Some can be done in both cases but the use of both plasma
or serum may be more practical depending on the test. In addition, some tests
are done to determine the amount of blood in the whole blood cell cytometry
flow with the blood.
Some benefits of plasma
over serum
Plasma preparation is
rapid, as it is not frozen. Waiting for the serum sample to be prepared
requires about 30 minutes to concentrate and then analyze. However, an agent
similar to a thrombin or serum sample can be made quickly in a few minutes by
clotting.
Compared with serum,
large amounts of 15-22% plasma can be obtained from blood samples of a certain
size. There are some deficiencies in serum protein coagulation and increase in
sample volume.
Increasing or
decreasing the concentration of serum preparation can cause measurement errors
Analysis that is meant to be measured. For example, when clotting consumes
blood cells, compound sample content in the blood such as glucose and platelets
increases. Potassium, phosphates, and aspartate transaminase secrete them.
Glucose or these other compounds can be analyzers.
Some benefits of
plasma over serum
Plasma preparations
require the addition of anticoagulants, which can cause expected and unexpected
measurement errors. For example, anticoagulant salts may additionally be added
to NH4 +, Li +, Na + and K + samples, or impurities like lead and aluminum.
Chalatar anticoagulants prefer salt salts by EDTA and citrate binding, but they
can also bind to other ions. Even if such ions are not analyzers, chelators may
interfere with measuring enzyme activity. For example, EDTA binding zinc ions,
which require alkaline phosphates such as cofactors. Thus, phosphatase activity
cannot be measured using EDTA.
An unknown volume of
anticoagulants may be accidentally added to the plasma sample which may cause
the sample to be damaged by changing the concentration of the analysis to an
unknown amount.
No anticoagulants
were added to the serum samples, which reduced the preparation cost of the
samples compared to the plasma samples.
Plasma samples can
form tiny clots if the added anticoagulant is not mixed properly with the
sample. Non-uniform samples can cause measurement errors.
History
Blood is being
donated to private Roy W. Humphrey after he was flogged in Sicily in August
1943.
Dry plasma packages
used by British and US military forces during World War II.
Plasma was already
well-known when described by William Harvey in De Mortu Cordis in 1628, but its
knowledge probably extended to Vesalius (1514-1515). The discovery of
fibrinogen by William Henson in the 17070 (EBID) circus made it easier to study
plasma after exposure to a foreign surface in general - other than the vascular
endothelium - activating the causes of clotting and rapidly clotting RBCs.
Prevention of plasma and plasma separation from blood etc. Adding citrate and
other anticoagulants is a relatively recent advance. Remember, after forming a
clot, the remaining clear liquid (if any) is serum (blood), which is basically
plasma without causing clotting.
In the
correspondence columns of the British Medical Journal by Gordon R. Ward, blood
transfusion was proposed in March 1915 as an alternative to whole blood and
blood transfusion purposes. Strips of "dry plasmas" or material
formats were developed on the powder and were first used in World War II.
Before America's involvement in war, liquid plasma and whole blood were used.
Source of
plasmapheresis
Laboratories
Griffolus was founded in 1940 by Dr. Jose Antonio Griffolus Lucas, a scientist
at Villanova i la Geltri in Spain. Dr. Griffalls was known for his first
technical technique called plasmapheresis, in which the blood cells of the
infected blood returned to the donor's body almost immediately after the separation
of the blood plasma. This technology is still in practice today, almost 80
years later. In 194, Dr. Griffels launched the world's first plasma donation
center. Thirty years after the center opened, Dr. Griffels unexpectedly died of
leukemia at the age of 41.
Plasma donation
Blood transfusions prepared from plasma blood products are used as a blood transfusion usually as fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or plasma is 24 hours after phlebotomy (PF24). When donating whole blood or packaged red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions, O- it is most desirable and is considered a "universal donor" because it does not have A or B antigens and can be safely transferred to most recipients. Type AB + PRBC "universal recipient" type for grants. For plasma, however, the situation is somewhat opposite. Blood donation centers will sometimes collect plasma only through AB donors aphrodisiacs, as they do not contain antibodies in the plasma that can override the response with the recipient antigens. As such, AB is often considered a "universal donor" for plasma. Of particular concern are special programs to replace male AB plasma donors with existing transplant-related acute lung injury (trolley) and female donors who may have higher leukocyte antibodies. However, some studies have shown that pregnant women have an increased risk of trolley despite having increased leukocyte antibodies.
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